Cancer research and patient treatment faced a number of unforeseen hurdles in 2020. Cancer research has been halted, clinical studies have been postponed, appointments have been rescheduled, and conferences have been cancelled or restructured. Rapid research advancements were made possible by unprecedented levels of scientific collaboration and dissemination. In 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized twenty-one novel oncology medications, including treatments for difficult-to-treat diseases such triple-negative breast cancer and some gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The first liquid biopsy next-generation sequencing tests were approved, the first-in-human study of off-the-shelf CAR T-cell treatment began, and the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) published its first comprehensive report on cancer disparities.