Real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) have become pivotal in understanding the effectiveness and safety of cancer treatments outside controlled clinical trial environments. By analyzing data from routine clinical practice, researchers can uncover insights into treatment outcomes, side effects, and long-term survival in diverse populations. RWE offers a broader understanding of how therapies perform in various settings, including different age groups, comorbidities, and geographic locations. This information aids in refining treatment guidelines, optimizing drug regimens, and supporting personalized treatment approaches, ultimately enhancing patient care and ensuring that therapeutic strategies are grounded in real-life evidence.